In Defense of Equality  

At the very center of conservative thought lies this idea: that the present division of wealth and power corresponds to some deeper reality of human life. Conservatives don’t want to say merely that the present division is what it ought …



On Arabs and Jews  

There are people in the world so crazy as not to realize that this is normal human existence of the kind everybody should aim at. — Nadezhda Mandelstam From the beginning, Zionists aimed at a kind of normality, and political …



Notes for Whoever’s Left  

Perhaps it is presumptuous for those of us who were often sharply critical of the New Left to address ourselves now to its scattered and disorganized followers. Yet among them are future friends and allies—who have begun to make criticisms …







A Journey to Israel  

During the first two weeks of August, along with three friends, professors like myself, I traveled in Israel, talking with people in the government, the new opposition, the army, and the universities. We were there when the cease-fire went into …













Moral Judgment in Time of War  

From opposite sides of the spectrum of American politics, Eisenhower and Rustin suggest the same general theory of moral djugment in wartime. They both suggest that only one judgment is possible. War itself (Rustin is a pacifist) , or some …



Anti-Communism and the CIA  

I have one major disagreement with Lew Coser’s article: this concerns his firm belief in the long-run ineffectiveness of CIA subversion in the fight against Communism. His example is a democratic union in India struggling against a Maoist union. He …



On the Nature of Freedom  

“Liberty,” Herbert Marcuse writes, “is self-determination, autonomy … But the subject of this autonomy is never the contingent, private individual as that which he actually is or happens to be; it is rather the individual. . . who is capable …



Democracy and the Conscript  

The use of draftees to fight “little wars”—colonial repressions, police actions, counter-insurgency operations—is relatively new. Before World War II, these sorts of wars were fought by volunteer or mercenary armies, often recruited from foreign or colonial populations. The French Foreign …