Mr. Kristol Enlightens the Europeans  

The March 1985 Encounter features an address to Western Europe by Irving Kristol. A warning in three parts, with the logical structure of a syllogism backed by a gun, Kristol’s article is entitled “A Transatlantic ‘Misunderstanding’: The Case of Central …



Reagan’s Contempt for History  

Bitburg, Germany, 1945; Managua, Nicaragua, 1985. The two appear to be so far apart that no occurrence could possibly bring them together. But in March and April, 1985, Ronald Reagan asked himself a question, Whom shall I honor? And his …



Our Outrages in Nicaragua  

Smuggle a thousand rifles, submachine guns, and grenade launchers into the 20 largest American cities, distribute them among known criminals, excops, the hard core of left- and right-wing lunatic sects, and assure a continuous supply of ammunition and tactical intelligence, leaving …



Literary Radicalism in America  

Left-wing literary people talk more these days about criticism than about fiction or poetry or plays. The statement sounds too flat to be true, and it is fair to ask what “left-wing” signifies in the context. I am using it …



Nuclear War Gossip  

On October 21, 1981 much of the world outside Washington was dismayed by two statements, from leading U.S. policy-makers, which revealed that in inner government circles the prospect of nuclear war with Russia is looked on with increasing equanimity. The …



Melodrama and History  

Any five minutes of Truffaut show his quickness, his intelligence, his authority in matching images with words, or using them to surprise each other, and his unrelaxed interest in the progress of a story. He sets the pace better than …



The Sad Story of Gene McCarthy  

Two weeks before the election, I was surprised by a small story in the back pages of the New York Times. “McCarthy Is Said to Back Reagan”—that was the headline. The brief but unambiguous dispatch told how McCarthy had met …



Bad Faith of Apocalypse Now  

Apocalypse Now is a piece of visionary propaganda about the Vietnamese war— oppressively ugly for most of its length, with an emotional sordidness that teases and at last wears down and baffles the audience—a confidently brutal film, grating in its …



Joan Baez and Jane Fonda  

Both Joan Baez and Jane Fonda are to some extent public figures in their art because they are public figures outside it: Ms. Baez for her marches against the H-bomb and the war, her marriage to a draft resister, and …



A High Standard of Dying  

On March 28, the water used to cool a “containment vessel” in the atomic plant at Three Mile Island, in Middletown, Pennsylvania, grew dangerously hot and gave every sign of growing hotter. The consequences were as follows. The company that …



Tribute to a Critic  

We are not likely to have a critic on the scale of Edmund Wilson ever again. He taught modernism, American literature, and “the writing and acting of history” to three generations of readers, and if his example as a journalist …



Solzhenitsyn and Freedom of the Press  

A curious feature of Solzhenitsyn’s Commencement Speech at Harvard (National Review, July 7, 1978) is its attack on freedom of the press. The untoward liberties that American journalists are known to take have been shocking to Solzhenitsyn, and he responds with something between petulance and indignation. …



Bergman’s Magic Flute  

Considered as an allegory, The Magic Flute has skeptical things to say about the fate of art in society. (It fights a winning battle against any  spectator because it says them playfully.) On a different level, the opera, among the …



Echoes of the Holocaust  

Albert Speer has an absorbed and patient look as he answers questions about his complicity in Hitler’s war crimes, through hour after hour of Marcel Ophuls’s documentary, The Memory of Justice. “What makes you do this?” Ophuls finally asks. “It …