Images of Fraternity  

In the gloom of present-day politics, socialists may well lose themselves in nostalgic dreams of fraternity. We feel hemmed in by a world of self-interest, and we experience the daily weakening of those bonds of class and community that gave …



The End of Zionism?  

The task of Zionism is very nearly completed. That is to say, the problem that Zionism set out to address is just about solved. Soon we will be living in a post-Zionist era, and there will no longer be a …





The Native Imagination  

Alfred Kazin’s new book is one of those largescale thematic studies in which a prominent critic offers a summing-up of American literary culture. Both the book’s approach and its thesis are closely related to what used to be called “wisdom …



A Communitarian Prospect  

Where in the United States can we point to even a single well-planned communitarian experiment that has the virtues of being plural, open, secular, and democratic? When I survey the vast urban-industrial wasteland of contemporary America, I often ask myself …



The FDR Tradition: Shadow Boxing  

Franklin D. Roosevelt led the United States through the Great Depression and World War II, the worst crises any contemporary voter remembers. During his 12 years in office, moreover, Democrats and Republicans sorted themselves into the ideological pattern that still …



Toy Soldiers and War Games  

I’ve always been a collector, and when I was a kid I had what was undoubtedly the best collection of toy soldiers in the neighborhood. Boxes and boxes of them, occupying a sizable part of the basement. It was my …



Camus and the Algerian War  

Michael Walzer’s penetrating article on Camus in the Fall 1984 Dissent (“Commitment & Social Criticism: Camus’s Algerian War”), is a very convincing defense of that much-maligned writer’s position during the French-Algerian war, when he refused to ally himself, unlike the …



Will Success Spoil the Welfare State?  

The international economic crisis that began in 1973-74 demonstrated the value of the welfare state everywhere in the West. It cushioned the shock for both the individual and the economy, and it helped avoid the abject misery and political extremism …





The Future of the Polish Winter  

The 16 months of revolutionary euphoria in Poland—sandwiched between the Gdansk accords of August 31, 1980 that gave rise to the first independent trade unions in a Communist country and the proclamation of martial law on December 13, 1981—seem now …



Four More Years  

What happened? Ronald Reagan beat Walter Mondale by 59 percent to 41 percent in the popular vote, carrying a majority of every age group, of both sexes, and of every income class above $10,000 per year. Union members supported Mondale …



What Do Unions Really Do?  

What do unions do? They cause inflation, unemployment, low productivity, and inequality. Hence, what they do is bad. How? The high wages that unions impose cause inflation. The same high wages discourage employers from hiring workers, thereby causing unemployment. Union …



Poverty in the Mind  

At the very beginning of this meticulous essay in intellectual history, Gertrude Himmelfarb employs Samuel Johnson and R. H. Tawney to make a point of importance, that attitudes toward the poor in England have changed less in the last two …



Rules for the Game  

Frank Lentricchia has chosen a difficult problem for his new book, Criticism and Social Change. His ambition is to devise a Marxism responsive to the challenges posed for its theoretical foundations by the poststructuralist deconstructionist critical theories that have been …